Download Centralized, Decentralized, or Hybrid: Designing National Open Finance Infrastructure Whitepaper

Open finance is now a policy across a growing number of markets, and the harder question is how to build the infrastructure that carries it. This report separates the choice into its underlying decisions, governance and architecture, and gives regulators and operators a way to design for their own market instead of copying another’s.

Key highlights of this report include:

• A decision framework for scoring local conditions honestly, plus the parts of the architecture that decide whether any model works: consent, directory, and conformance.
• Case studies of Malaysia’s rails-backed central hub (PayNet) and Saudi Arabia’s decentralized mandate (SAMA), with the UK as a reference, and where the opportunities lie for banks and fintechs.

More markets are moving from a published mandate to live infrastructure. The report sets out how to make those design choices deliberately, and what each model asks of the regulators, banks and fintechs that have to build it.